JuniperPublishers-Recent Advances in Petrochemical Science

Juniper Publishers Introduction The electron microscopic and X-ray tomography studies of oil-bearing rocks showed a great variety and wide volume limits of an emptiness space. It includes macro- and with the corresponding micro-fragments of space closely connected each other. Micro-emptiness space predominates in volume in thin-grained terrigenous rocks, especially in argillites. But even in carbonate rocks it plays very important role as system of canals for oil migration. Micro-emptiness space is composed by micro-cracks, micro-pores, and micro-cavities, as well as intermediate and transitional morphological types. The nature of the micro-emptiness space (structure, volume, filling in organic or mineral matter, etc.) determines many properties of reservoir rocks and their oil saturation. Its study is carried out by many methods, and it is very useful for sorting out the geophysical information used in the correlation of oil-bearing strata sections. This short...

Juniper Publishers Introduction Naturally fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs have various type so f units, and making full use of the well test data to study reservoir characteristics is the quit important to enhance oil production. The classification of the reservoir units and identification methods are analyzed. Combination of the results interpreted by multiple medium model and radial composite model, the well test double logarithmic curves are divided into five types corresponding to different reservoir unit’s characteristics. a. The oil well does not drill in any fractured-vuggy unit, but abundant fractured-vuggy units exist in the reservoir b. The oil well drill in the fractured-vuggyunits and many fractured-vuggy units exist in the reservoir. c. The oil well drill in multiple connected water-eroded caves. d. Carbonate reservoirs contain primarily matric. e. The oil well drill in some individual water-eroded caves, but the fractured-vuggy reservoir does not de...

Juniper Publishers Abstract Public perceptions are significantly affected by industrial incidents and the contribution and essential societal role of different industries are often overlooked when any catastrophic incident occurs. What can be done to prevent release of toxic chemical, fire & explosion or any other catastrophic incidents? Majority of the incidents occurred in the process industries due to lack of competence, system failure, human error and/or someone did not do what they were supposed to do. The root causes of the incidents in process industries are more or less same. The incidents can be avoided if the organization maintains a positive safety culture to improve its process safety performance and take advantage of lesson learned from the previous incidents. Everyone in any organization starting from the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, senior executives, supervisors and operators should be accountable and responsible for their appropriate ...