JuniperPublishers-Recent Advances in Petrochemical Science

Juniper Publishers Abstract A relative ability of four industrial samples of phosphorus-free polymers (polyaspartate, PASP; polyepoxysuccinate, PESA; polyacrylic acid sodium salt, PAAS; copolymer of maleic and acrylic acid, MA-AA) and of two phosphonates (aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid), ATMP; 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-bis(phosphonic acid), HEDP) to inhibit calcium carbonate precipitation at a dosage 10 mg•dm-3 is tested in static experiments following the NACE Standard TM0374-2007 and in a dynamic modeоfevaporation plant for Caspian Sea water imitate. The reagent efficiency ranking following NACE Standard gives evidently a preference to phosphonates over polymers: ATMP~HEDP>PESA (400-1,500 Da) ~PASP (1,000–5,000 Da)>PAAS (3,000–5,000 Da) ~MA-AA. At the same time the kinetic tests exhibit the better efficiency of PESA and MA-AA: PESA>MA-AA>PAAS~HEDP>ATMP~PASP. Therefore, a lot of work is still needed to elaborate a system of laboratory tests for antisc...

Juniper Publishers Introduction The electron microscopic and X-ray tomography studies of oil-bearing rocks showed a great variety and wide volume limits of an emptiness space. It includes macro- and with the corresponding micro-fragments of space closely connected each other. Micro-emptiness space predominates in volume in thin-grained terrigenous rocks, especially in argillites. But even in carbonate rocks it plays very important role as system of canals for oil migration. Micro-emptiness space is composed by micro-cracks, micro-pores, and micro-cavities, as well as intermediate and transitional morphological types. The nature of the micro-emptiness space (structure, volume, filling in organic or mineral matter, etc.) determines many properties of reservoir rocks and their oil saturation. Its study is carried out by many methods, and it is very useful for sorting out the geophysical information used in the correlation of oil-bearing strata sections. This short...

Juniper Publishers Abstract Public perceptions are significantly affected by industrial incidents and the contribution and essential societal role of different industries are often overlooked when any catastrophic incident occurs. What can be done to prevent release of toxic chemical, fire & explosion or any other catastrophic incidents? Majority of the incidents occurred in the process industries due to lack of competence, system failure, human error and/or someone did not do what they were supposed to do. The root causes of the incidents in process industries are more or less same. The incidents can be avoided if the organization maintains a positive safety culture to improve its process safety performance and take advantage of lesson learned from the previous incidents. Everyone in any organization starting from the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, senior executives, supervisors and operators should be accountable and responsible for their appropriate ...